If we had not had an “S”-shaped spine, we would not have been able to stand upright or be bipedal. And, without being bipedal, we would not have been able to free our upper limbs to handle objects and develop artistically and technologically. On the other hand, the upright posture subjects the spine to greater stress, especially when carrying out great efforts. And that results in lumbar injuries, herniated discs and other types of ailments. Some time ago we talked about the use of human exoskeletons in different areas, as well as the technological advances that have occurred in recent years, but now Korean researchers have announced an exoskeleton for working without compromising the integrity of the back.

BBEX: an exoskeleton for safe work

Unlike other exoskeletons, the device developed by Seoul National University experts is a kind of replica of a human spine that fits around the back and offers support to the vertebrae.

They have named it the Bilateral Back Extensor Exoskeleton (BBEX) and the prototype has been presented in the journal Science Robotics in a study that explains the development and testing carried out.

The BBEX is inspired by the human spine and its muscles. With a multi-degree-of-freedom architecture and connected linear actuators, it accompanies the various movements of the spine in a natural way and offers support at every angle. This advanced design reduces muscle fatigue and joint load during lifting tasks, whether symmetrical or asymmetrical.

In addition, the BBEX incorporates sensors that monitor the user's posture and effort, allowing assistance to be adjusted in real time to optimize support and comfort. Technically, its ergonomic and lightweight design could allow for better integration into work environments, where agility of movement is paramount.

To test the prototype, the team has investigated its effectiveness and safety with eleven healthy participants. The developers of this exoskeleton, designed to work in environments that require heavy lifting, claim that the device reduces fatigue in the back muscles, reduces compression forces on the joints and offers multidimensional assistance. All of this could contribute to reducing injuries associated with these efforts. Workplace safety is one of the top priorities in the construction industry and other sectors, so the BBEX could be a great ally in the medium term in spinal support, once it is marketed. For now, the main challenge that the developers have encountered is the need to create different exoskeleton models depending on the height and build of the user.

Exoskeletons for work… and walking again

In addition to their use in work environments, a French company specialising in exoskeletons proposes the use of these devices to restore mobility to people affected by disabilities such as paraplegia.

Essentially, it is an exoskeleton that supports the legs and has a motor and a battery system that is worn on the back like a backpack. The user can operate it by means of a remote control with which to indicate the direction and level of assistance, from mild to total.